Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver that spreads through blood, semen and vaginal fluids. The infection is usually short-lived, although some cases can be chronic and long term. The risk of contracting it in the UK is low, but it may be necessary to have a vaccine if you’re travelling to a country where the virus is more prevalent.
Higher-risk parts of the world include Africa, Asia, the Middle East and some parts of eastern Europe and South America.
It is possible to contract the virus through having intrcourse without a barrier method of contraception, as well as by having a tattoo or piercing carried out with an unsterilised needle or by having a blood transfusion in a country that doesn’t test for the virus.
The best way to prevent contracting hepatitis B is to have the vaccination. In the UK, this is routinely administered to babies as part of the vaccination programme.
Adults only need to consider having the vaccination again if they’re travelling to a high-risk country, if they have liver or kidney disease, if they have HIV or if their job increases their risk of infection.
Other ways to reduce the risk of contracting the virus include using a barrier method of contraception during sex and avoiding sharing the likes of toothbrushes, razors and needles with other people.
Generally, a hepatitis B infection will clear up by itself without any form of treatment, although you may want to consider taking painkillers or nausea medication to help ease your symptoms.
Chronic hepatitis B is typically treated using antivirals and medication to relieve symptoms like sickness, pain and itchiness. It may also be necessary to see a liver specialist regularly for checkups on your condition.
You may also find it beneficial to keep your living spaces properly ventilated and wear loose clothing, as well as not taking hot showers and baths, to help ease itchy skin.
